51 pages • 1 hour read
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Content Warning: This section of the guide contains discussion of child abuse and religious discrimination.
After waking early to wash his clothes, get his shoes, and work for Grandinetti, Dom tells Gaetano how he lost their money. Instead of being angry, the older boy gives thanks that they still have a quarter. This optimism reminds Dom of his Uncle Aurelio. They shake hands and declare their trust in one another.
With their first sandwich in hand, they find Tin Pan Alley and quickly sell everything. They have enough money to buy a roll of paper from the mill. Dom spots the thieves from yesterday, and Gaetano waves to them, claiming that they fear his fictional older brother. With the remaining $0.75, Dom buys three more sandwiches. When they slice the sandwiches at Grandinetti’s, they realize that they cannot carry everything, so they borrow a basket and a towel from Grandinetti. Seeing the thieves outside, Gaetano asks Grandinetti to shake his knife at them to scare the thieves away. It works, but the shop owner demands that Gaetano always speak straight with him, and the boy agrees.
Back with Tin Pan Alley, they take turns eating, and Dom learns enough English to call out to passersby. A woman buys a sandwich from him. At the end of the day, after giving Tin Pan Alley change for his cup, they have $1.75. Dom reluctantly agrees to let Gaetano hold it for the night but asks the older boy to loan him a penny. He returns the basket and towel to Grandinetti before checking his shoes at the train station and sleeping in Central Park.
On Wednesday, rain ruins some of the sandwiches. They agree to divide the soggy ones between them for lunch and dinner, but Tin Pan Alley takes all the extras. When Dom runs back to his friend’s corner to give him more money, Tin Pan Alley is not there. As he walks away, Dom discovers other boys enslaved by padrones voraciously eating soggy sandwiches, and he realizes what Tin Pan Alley did with the extra food. He drops a quarter into another boy’s cup.
Each day, they earn more money, enough to keep some for themselves. By Friday afternoon, they have almost $4. They argue, for Gaetano and Tin Pan Alley want their share of the money, but Dom thinks they should take just a little each and save the rest to buy sandwiches on Monday. They compromise.
The next week when they buy the sandwiches, they are too much to carry. Dom loses some to thieves and a dog, but business still booms, and they buy 16 sandwiches on Tuesday. As a result, they borrow a cart from Grandinetti. However, a bunch of boys steal right from their cart. Gaetano worries that more of them will steal in the future. Also, it is Flag Day, so workers rush to their children’s schools and there are fewer customers.
The boys go directly to businesses to sell their remaining sandwiches at a lower cost. Even with reduced prices, the boys still make a profit and give extra sandwiches to children who work for a padrone. As Gaetano marvels at how their profits continue to increase, Dom thinks of buying documents and a ticket home.
With so much money, Dom and Gaetano agree they need somewhere to safely keep it, so they go to Grandinetti. After sweeping and arranging produce, they offer to buy the cart from him and pay for the towel they lost. Then, they ask him to keep their money. Grandinetti is incredulous when he learns that neither boy has family and that they sleep on the streets. Fearful, he vows not to get involved with padrones. When the boys insist that they work for themselves, he softens and instructs them to rent a room from Signora Esposito, for she has extra space.
At Signora Esposito’s, Dom is surprised to see the widow who was cautious in the shop. When Dom explains that Grandinetti sent them and after she sees his shoes, the woman invites them in, offering one room. Even though the apartment is worn, it is homey. When Gaetano tries to negotiate less than what Grandinetti instructed, Dom interrupts to offer more.
That night, Dom marvels that he is sleeping in a bed, for he has never slept in one. This makes him nostalgic, and he runs through memories of home, ranging from Nonna’s proverbs to recipes to his relatives’ appearances. When he envisions his mother, he stifles tears, and Gaetano asks about her. Dom admits for the first time that she paid to put him on a ship. Remembering his final day in Napoli, Dom knows that she intended to send him alone but still will not admit it to himself.
The next morning, a man from another apartment interrupts Dom in the bathroom and tosses him violently into the hallway. Signora Esposito comes to his rescue and scolds her neighbor for his behavior. Back inside their apartment, the woman tends to his wounds, and Dom is struck by how long it has been since someone has cared for him.
Later, after purchasing sandwiches, Gaetano says that Dom’s battered appearance will work in their favor. In no time, the two boys who stole from Dom previously are following them and asking questions. Gaetano lies and says that their boss, not a padrone, means business and that he is looking for more kids who need a job. They flash Dom’s bruises as evidence of the “boss’s” tight fist. Gaetano gives them sandwiches for themselves and the little kids, warning them not to steal any more food from them. Over the next month, business grows so much that people are waiting for them when they arrive each day. They begin offering potato and egg sandwiches, as well as pastries, for breakfast. Since they buy so much from the sandwich shop, the owner gives them a discount.
One day a man asks for sandwich without cheese, and there is something about him that draws Dom’s attention. The next day, Dom learns that the man prefers Polish beef. From then on, he purchases beef to assemble sandwiches just for the man and his friends. They also begin selling Grandinetti’s produce in the afternoons. Soon, candied almonds and other sweets are part of their sales. Furthermore, they bring leftovers to Signora Esposito, who begins to smile more. She even refrains from cooking foods Dom cannot eat and never questions him about his requests.
Business booms, and they sell on two corners to more easily avoid Tin Pan Alley’s padrone. They even hire neighborhood kids to help. When another boy sells sandwiches too, they are forced to slash prices but ultimately outlast the competition. They never work weekends; Dom visits the wharves on Saturday longing to go home, but he never sets foot in a church again. Instead, he wanders Manhattan thinking of his mother.
Dom and his friends continue to demonstrate the theme of Survival and Resilience in an Unfamiliar Place. In addition to Dom’s ingenuity and instinct to survive, Gaetano displays craftiness when he says that the thieves are afraid of his “‘big brother [who would] stab them,’” and then he admits that he has “‘no brother. But they don’t know that’” (163). Before meeting Dom, Gaetano concocted this story about a dangerous older sibling, which keeps him safe on the streets.
Clever thinking also helps the boys later, for when they face hardships selling sandwiches, they still turn a profit. Gaetano marvels, “‘I can’t believe it. I couldn’t believe it yesterday when it grew so fast. But today—with everything that went wrong—it should have gone down to nothing’” (182). Since Dom insists that they keep most of their profits each day, they can buy more sandwiches and, in turn, earn more money. Gaetano’s surprise at what they achieve, despite setbacks like selling the sandwiches cheaper, is a testament to their resilience. Even when faced with obstacles like fewer customers, they still turn a profit by changing tactics and selling door to door. Their adaptability and persistence highlight their instincts to survive and persevere.
Dom’s inner circle also reflects Community Rooted in Shared Hardship. Grandinetti previously noted that America is hard, and he continuously helps Dom because the boy is honest and hardworking. He still offers support when Gaetano is involved in the sandwich business, but only if the older boy promises to be straightforward and honest with him. When he and Gaetano shake hands, a relationship is forged, and it is symbolic of the support system they have created. This theme is also highlighted through small acts of kindness: Tin Pan Alley, and then Dom, opt to give food to children who beg for padrones whenever they have sandwiches to spare. When he first realizes what Tin Pan Ally has done, Dom thinks, “I thought of beggar boys all over town eating soggy sandwiches and feeling like some spirit had blessed them […] Nonna would have loved Tin Pan Alley” (174). His friend’s kindness demonstrates that not everyone is out for themselves in New York: Tin Pan Alley knows firsthand the cruel life of working for a padrone, and so he chooses to help others in his situation.
Amid their financial success, Dom still struggles to reveal his Jewish identity to others, showcasing The Impact of Immigration on Identity. This reluctance is most evident when the boys encounter a customer who asks for a sandwich without cheese, but with beef. Dom thinks, “There was something about him. It wasn’t just his way of walking or dressing or his beard or that look of being offended on his face—it was all those things together. I made a guess about him” (199). Dom deduces that the man is Jewish and decides to buy food to make sandwiches the man can eat. At no point does Dom declare that he is Jewish and needs kosher food, he just buys the supplies, telling the other boys that “business is business” (200).
Due to his firsthand knowledge of prejudice against Jewish people, Dom does not name his identity or the man’s. He simply finds a way to help. His tactic of not naming his identity happens again when he “[asks Signora Esposito] never to make pork or horsemeat or shellfish” (201), and he is grateful that she never says anything to Gaetano. As he is trying to survive in America, he does not want his identity to jeopardize the stability he has found, even if that means keeping a secret from his friends.
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